B2.2

explain, with reference to issues of civic importance, the roles and responsibilities of the two orders of government in Canada (federal and provincial), as well as of territorial, municipal, and Indigenous governments, and of key positions within each

B2.3

describe Indigenous governing systems and structures, both those created by the Indian Act and those that predate or exist alongside the Act, and how they interact with the federal, provincial, territorial, and municipal governments of Canada, and explain how treaties, Crown-Indigenous relations, and/or Indigenous claims to sovereignty affect a region of their choice in Ontario or Canada

B2.4

describe, with reference to federal, provincial, and territorial governments, the functions of the three branches of government in Canada (i.e., executive, legislative, judicial) and the roles/responsibilities of key positions within governments, and explain how the branches can affect political, economic, and social stability in Canada

B2.5

describe some of the ways in which different levels of government in Canada raise revenue, and explain how budgets can be designed by governments to address both short-term needs and long-term plans

B2.6

describe the process for amending an existing law or passing a new law federally and provincially

B2.7

explain, with reference to issues of civic importance, including economic issues, how various domestic, foreign, and international groups and institutions can influence government policy, and describe ways in which government policy affects individuals’ lives and the economy

B2.8

describe Canada’s form of government, and demonstrate an understanding of the electoral process and the formation of governments in Canada