E2. Measurement
Specific Expectations
By the end of Grade 1, students will:
Attributes
- Every shape or object has several attributes that can be compared. The same shape or object can be described and compared using different attributes.
- There are particular words that describe commonly measured attributes:
- length is the distance from one point to the other and can be measured in any direction;
- area is the amount of surface an object has;
- mass is how heavy an object is;
- capacity is the amount an object holds;
- angle is the amount of turn between one line and another.
E2.2
compare several everyday objects and order them according to length, area, mass, and capacity
- Objects can be compared and ordered according to whether they have more or less of an attribute. Comparing the same objects by different attributes may produce different ordering.
- There are specific words and phrases that help describe and compare attributes:
- more, less, smaller, and bigger often only describe general comparisons unless a specific attribute is included (bigger area; smaller capacity);
- tall, short, wide, narrow, long, and distance are all associated with length;
- adding the suffix “-er” or “-est” typically creates a comparative term (e.g., heavier, lighter, heaviest, lightest).
- Objects can be directly compared by matching, covering, or filling one object with the other to determine which has more length, mass, area, or capacity.
- When a direct comparison cannot be easily made, a third object can serve as a “go-between” tool to make an indirect comparison. For example, a string can be used to compare the lengths of two objects that are not easily brought together, or a third container can be used to determine which of two containers holds more water. Indirect comparisons require using the transitivity principle and the conservation principle.
Time
E2.3
read the date on a calendar, and use a calendar to identify days, weeks, months, holidays, and seasons
- Time is an abstract concept that cannot be seen or felt. The passing of time can be measured by counting things that repeat. The passing of a day, for example, is marked by the rising and setting of the sun.
- Calendars keep track of days, weeks, months, and years, as well as holidays and seasons.
- There are other kinds of calendars, such as lunar, solar, agricultural, ecological, and personal calendars, that keep track of personal, social, and religious events.
- Calendars enable people to communicate a date to others.
