A1. Application: Colonial and Present-day Canada
Specific Expectations
A1.1
analyse key similarities and differences in social values and aspects of life between people in present-day Canada and some different groups and communities, including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit communities, in Canada between 1713 and 1800 (e.g., with reference to gender roles, religious practices, spirituality, ceremonies and rituals, living conditions, diet, recreation, and/or political rights; attitudes towards slavery, social class, the role of women, and/or crime and punishment; attitudes of newcomers/settlers and First Nations, Métis, and Inuit towards each other and towards the land)
- What are the main differences between your life and the life of a child in Haudenosaunee society or on a seigneurie in New France?
- What social attitudes permitted slavery to exist in colonial Canada?
- What did the presence of missionaries among First Nations during this period imply about the social values of the colonizing peoples? In what ways have attitudes towards First Nations peoples held by some non-Indigenous Canadians changed? In what ways have they stayed the same?
- What were some central values and world views of Inuit in the eighteenth century? What are some ways in which these values and world views are reflected in present-day Inuit communities?
A1.2
analyse some of the main challenges facing various individuals, groups, and/or communities, including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit individuals and/or communities, in Canada between 1713 and 1800 and ways in which people responded to those challenges (e.g., with reference to conflict arising from imperial rivalries; climatic and environmental challenges; competition for land and resources between European imperial powers and the consequences for Indigenous communities; the hard physical labour and isolation associated with life in new settlements; disease; discrimination facing Black Loyalists; restrictions on rights and freedoms of slaves, seigneurial tenants, or indentured workers), and assess similarities and differences between some of these challenges and responses and those of people in present-day Canada
- What were some of the environmental challenges facing people in early Canada? What similarities do you see between these challenges and current environmental challenges facing people in Canada today?
- In what ways are the lives of elderly people different now than they were in the past? What are the main reasons for the differences?
- What challenges did the Mississaugas of the New Credit encounter as a result of encroachment on and European occupation of their traditional territory? How did they respond to these challenges? How would you compare this response to actions taken today in response to threats to First Nations lands?
- What sort of care was available for sick people in eighteenth-century Canada? Why were medicines of Indigenous origin so important at this time? Why are they still important today?
A1.3
analyse the displacement experienced by various groups and communities, including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit communities, who were living in or who came to Canada between 1713 and 1800 (e.g., the expulsion of the Acadians; the forced relocation experienced by many First Nations and/or Métis to reserves or different territories; the migration of Loyalists to various regions of Canada; the forced migration of African slaves to New France and British North America; the immigration of people to Canada seeking land, religious freedom, and/or work), and compare it with present-day examples of displacement (e.g., the relocation of a First Nation reserve community in Canada as a result of changing environmental or economic conditions; the experience of and services available to immigrants or refugees to Canada)
- What was the experience of different Loyalist groups? What challenges did these groups face? Why did some Black Loyalists choose to return to Africa? Why did some Black Loyalists choose to stay in Canada?
- In what ways would the experience of immigrants to colonial Canada have been different from that of present-day immigrants to this country? What accounts for some of these differences?
- What was the experience of Inuit who were displaced by the commercial seal hunt that began in Newfoundland in 1723? When analysing this displacement, whose perspectives should you consider?