B1. Application: Changes and Challenges
Specific Expectations
B1.1
analyse social and political values and significant aspects of life for some different groups and communities, including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit communities, in Canada between 1800 and 1850 (e.g., ways of life in British and French forts, in new settlements in the bush, on First Nations reserves; living conditions for different classes in industrializing cities; attitudes towards Irish immigrants, African Canadians, Métis, Inuit; attitudes of political elites and groups seeking political reform; gender roles in First Nations, Métis, and Inuit communities), and assess similarities and differences between these values and aspects of life and those in eighteenth-century Canada (e.g., with reference to improvements in access to education; changes in attitudes towards slavery or political elites; changes resulting from political reform; changes in ways of life of First Nations on reserves)
- What social attitudes were reflected in the forced removal of First Nations and Métis communities on the arrival of Loyalists or European immigrants?
- In what ways were the political values of Upper Canadian reformers different from those of Canadian colonists in the eighteenth century? In what ways were they the same?
- What do William Parry’s writings reveal about British attitudes towards Inuit?
- How did the increasing presence of European women in fur trade communities affect “country wives”? What does this development tell you about the social values of many newcomers with respect to First Nations and Métis people?
- What did European settlers mean when they used the word “frontier“ to describe the West? What attitudes or values did this term reflect? How did these attitudes, and the practices they supported, affect First Nations and Métis people living in the West?
B1.2
analyse some of the challenges facing individuals, groups, and/or communities, including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit individuals and/or communities, in Canada between 1800 and 1850 (e.g., war with the United States, industrialization, poor wages and working conditions, rigid class structure, limited political rights, discrimination and segregation, religious conflict, limited access to education, influx of new immigrants, epidemics, transportation challenges, harshness of life in new settlements in the West, continuing appropriation of First Nations, Métis, and Inuit land and resources by European settler communities) and ways in which people responded to those challenges (e.g., strikes, rebellion, resistance, legislation to expand access to education, treaties, construction of canals, mutual aid societies, work bees, quarantining immigrants)
- What were some of the challenges new immigrants faced on arriving in Canada? What were some responses to those challenges?
- What were some of the methods used by Reformers and Patriotes in their quest for political change?
- How did discrimination and segregation affect the ways in which African Canadians met their everyday needs?
- What significance did a father’s fur trade company rank have for his Métis children?
- How did Inuit respond to the challenge of living in the Arctic? Why did they succeed in this environment while members of the Franklin expedition did not?
B1.3
analyse the displacement experienced by various groups and communities, including Indigenous communities, who were living in or who came to Canada between 1800 and 1850 (e.g., displacements resulting from damage to property during the War of 1812 or the Rebellions of 1837–38; from the loss of First Nations and Métis territory due to increasing encroachment and settlement by colonists; from immigration of Europeans seeking land, religious freedom, and/or work) and how some of these groups dealt with their displacement
- Why did so many Irish immigrants come to Canada in the 1840s? What was their experience aboard ship and upon arrival in Canada? How did people already living in Canada react to them?
- What were the responses of First Nations and Métis people to their displacement owing to increasing encroachment on their traditional territories?
- How did the Métis people of Mackinac Island and Drummond Island respond to the displacement that resulted from the redrawing of the Canada/U.S. border after the War of 1812?